Active Record 计算
- A
- C
- I
- M
- P
- S
实例公共方法
async_average(column_name) 链接
与 average
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 122 def async_average(column_name) async.average(column_name) end
async_count(column_name = nil) 链接
与 count
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 108 def async_count(column_name = nil) async.count(column_name) end
async_ids() 链接
与 ids
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 409 def async_ids async.ids end
async_maximum(column_name) 链接
与 maximum
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 152 def async_maximum(column_name) async.maximum(column_name) end
async_minimum(column_name) 链接
与 minimum
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 137 def async_minimum(column_name) async.minimum(column_name) end
async_pick(*column_names) 链接
与 pick
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 363 def async_pick(*column_names) async.pick(*column_names) end
async_pluck(*column_names) 链接
与 pluck
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 334 def async_pluck(*column_names) async.pluck(*column_names) end
async_sum(identity_or_column = nil) 链接
与 sum
相同,但异步执行查询并返回一个 ActiveRecord::Promise
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 182 def async_sum(identity_or_column = nil) async.sum(identity_or_column) end
average(column_name) 链接
计算给定列的平均值。如果没有行,则返回 nil
。有关选项的示例,请参见 calculate
。
Person.average(:age) # => 35.8
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 116 def average(column_name) calculate(:average, column_name) end
calculate(operation, column_name) 链接
这计算给定列中的聚合值。方法为 count
,sum
,average
,minimum
,和 maximum
已作为快捷方式添加。
Person.calculate(:count, :all) # The same as Person.count
Person.average(:age) # SELECT AVG(age) FROM people...
# Selects the minimum age for any family without any minors
Person.group(:last_name).having("min(age) > 17").minimum(:age)
Person.sum("2 * age")
输出有两种基本形式
-
单个聚合值:单个值为 COUNT 类型转换为
Integer
,AVG 类型转换为Float
,其他所有值类型转换为给定列的类型。 -
分组值:这将返回值的排序哈希并对其进行分组。它接受列名或 belongs_to 关联的名称。
values = Person.group('last_name').maximum(:age) puts values["Drake"] # => 43 drake = Family.find_by(last_name: 'Drake') values = Person.group(:family).maximum(:age) # Person belongs_to :family puts values[drake] # => 43 values.each do |family, max_age| ... end
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 217 def calculate(operation, column_name) operation = operation.to_s.downcase if @none case operation when "count", "sum" result = group_values.any? ? Hash.new : 0 return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result when "average", "minimum", "maximum" result = group_values.any? ? Hash.new : nil return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result end end if has_include?(column_name) relation = apply_join_dependency if operation == "count" unless distinct_value || distinct_select?(column_name || select_for_count) relation.distinct! relation.select_values = Array(model.primary_key || table[Arel.star]) end # PostgreSQL: ORDER BY expressions must appear in SELECT list when using DISTINCT relation.order_values = [] if group_values.empty? end relation.calculate(operation, column_name) else perform_calculation(operation, column_name) end end
count(column_name = nil) 链接
计算记录数。
Person.count
# => the total count of all people
Person.count(:age)
# => returns the total count of all people whose age is present in database
Person.count(:all)
# => performs a COUNT(*) (:all is an alias for '*')
Person.distinct.count(:age)
# => counts the number of different age values
如果 count
与 Relation#group 一起使用,它将返回一个 Hash
,其键表示聚合列,值是相应的值。
Person.group(:city).count
# => { 'Rome' => 5, 'Paris' => 3 }
如果 count
与 Relation#group 一起使用以用于多个列,它将返回一个 Hash
,其键是一个数组,包含每列的各个值,每个键的值是 count
。
Article.group(:status, :category).count
# => {["draft", "business"]=>10, ["draft", "technology"]=>4, ["published", "technology"]=>2}
如果 count
与 Relation#select 一起使用,它将计算选定的列。
Person.select(:age).count
# => counts the number of different age values
注意:并非所有有效的 Relation#select 表达式都是有效的 count
表达式。具体内容因数据库而异。在无效情况下,将抛出数据库错误。
如果给定一个块,则加载关系中的所有记录(如果关系尚未加载)。使用关系中的每个记录调用块。返回块返回真值记录的数量。
Person.count { |person| person.age > 21 }
# => counts the number of people older that 21
注意:如果关系中有很多记录,加载所有记录可能会导致性能问题。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 94 def count(column_name = nil) if block_given? unless column_name.nil? raise ArgumentError, "Column name argument is not supported when a block is passed." end super() else calculate(:count, column_name) end end
ids() 链接
使用表的 主键返回关系的基本模型的 ID。
Person.ids # SELECT people.id FROM people
Person.joins(:company).ids # SELECT people.id FROM people INNER JOIN companies ON companies.id = people.company_id
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 371 def ids primary_key_array = Array(primary_key) if loaded? result = records.map do |record| if primary_key_array.one? record._read_attribute(primary_key_array.first) else primary_key_array.map { |column| record._read_attribute(column) } end end return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result end if has_include?(primary_key) relation = apply_join_dependency.group(*primary_key_array) return relation.ids end columns = arel_columns(primary_key_array) relation = spawn relation.select_values = columns result = if relation.where_clause.contradiction? ActiveRecord::Result.empty else skip_query_cache_if_necessary do model.with_connection do |c| c.select_all(relation, "#{model.name} Ids", async: @async) end end end result.then { |result| type_cast_pluck_values(result, columns) } end
maximum(column_name) 链接
计算给定列上的最大值。值将以与列相同的数据类型返回,如果没有行,则返回 nil
。有关选项的示例,请参见 calculate
。
Person.maximum(:age) # => 93
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 146 def maximum(column_name) calculate(:maximum, column_name) end
minimum(column_name) 链接
计算给定列上的最小值。值将以与列相同的数据类型返回,如果没有行,则返回 nil
。有关选项的示例,请参见 calculate
。
Person.minimum(:age) # => 7
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 131 def minimum(column_name) calculate(:minimum, column_name) end
pick(*column_names) 链接
从当前关系中的命名列中挑选值。这是 relation.limit(1).pluck(*column_names).first
的简写,主要在关系已缩小到单行时有用。
就像 pluck
一样,pick
只会加载实际值,而不是整个记录对象,因此效率更高。与 pluck 一样,值也会通过列类型进行类型转换。
Person.where(id: 1).pick(:name)
# SELECT people.name FROM people WHERE id = 1 LIMIT 1
# => 'David'
Person.where(id: 1).pick(:name, :email_address)
# SELECT people.name, people.email_address FROM people WHERE id = 1 LIMIT 1
# => [ 'David', '[email protected]' ]
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 352 def pick(*column_names) if loaded? && all_attributes?(column_names) result = records.pick(*column_names) return @async ? Promise::Complete.new(result) : result end limit(1).pluck(*column_names).then(&:first) end
pluck(*column_names) 链接
使用 pluck
作为快捷方式来选择一个或多个属性,而无需为每行加载整个记录对象。
Person.pluck(:name)
而不是
Person.all.map(&:name)
Pluck 返回一个 Array
,其中包含类型转换为与所选列名匹配的属性值(如果可以推断)。默认情况下,选取 SQL 片段将返回 String
值。
Person.pluck(:name)
# SELECT people.name FROM people
# => ['David', 'Jeremy', 'Jose']
Person.pluck(:id, :name)
# SELECT people.id, people.name FROM people
# => [[1, 'David'], [2, 'Jeremy'], [3, 'Jose']]
Person.distinct.pluck(:role)
# SELECT DISTINCT role FROM people
# => ['admin', 'member', 'guest']
Person.where(age: 21).limit(5).pluck(:id)
# SELECT people.id FROM people WHERE people.age = 21 LIMIT 5
# => [2, 3]
Comment.joins(:person).pluck(:id, person: :id)
# SELECT comments.id, person.id FROM comments INNER JOIN people person ON person.id = comments.person_id
# => [[1, 2], [2, 2]]
Comment.joins(:person).pluck(:id, person: [:id, :name])
# SELECT comments.id, person.id, person.name FROM comments INNER JOIN people person ON person.id = comments.person_id
# => [[1, 2, 'David'], [2, 2, 'David']]
Person.pluck(Arel.sql('DATEDIFF(updated_at, created_at)'))
# SELECT DATEDIFF(updated_at, created_at) FROM people
# => ['0', '27761', '173']
另请参见 ids
。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 291 def pluck(*column_names) if @none if @async return Promise::Complete.new([]) else return [] end end if loaded? && all_attributes?(column_names) result = records.pluck(*column_names) if @async return Promise::Complete.new(result) else return result end end if has_include?(column_names.first) relation = apply_join_dependency relation.pluck(*column_names) else model.disallow_raw_sql!(flattened_args(column_names)) relation = spawn columns = relation.arel_columns(column_names) relation.select_values = columns result = skip_query_cache_if_necessary do if where_clause.contradiction? ActiveRecord::Result.empty(async: @async) else model.with_connection do |c| c.select_all(relation.arel, "#{model.name} Pluck", async: @async) end end end result.then do |result| type_cast_pluck_values(result, columns) end end end
sum(initial_value_or_column = 0, &block) 链接
计算给定列上值的总和。值将以与列相同的数据类型返回,如果没有行,则返回 0
。有关选项的示例,请参见 calculate
。
Person.sum(:age) # => 4562
如果给定一个块,则加载关系中的所有记录(如果关系尚未加载)。使用关系中的每个记录调用块。返回 initial_value_or_column
和块返回值的总和。
Person.sum { |person| person.age } # => 4562
Person.sum(1000) { |person| person.age } # => 5562
注意:如果关系中有很多记录,加载所有记录可能会导致性能问题。
来源: 显示 | 在 GitHub 上
# File activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb, line 172 def sum(initial_value_or_column = 0, &block) if block_given? map(&block).sum(initial_value_or_column) else calculate(:sum, initial_value_or_column) end end